{"id":991,"date":"2018-11-22T21:32:06","date_gmt":"2018-11-22T20:32:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.3ip.eu\/?p=991"},"modified":"2024-06-03T13:00:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T11:00:00","slug":"que-es-la-immunoterapia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/que-es-la-immunoterapia\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la immunoter\u00e0pia?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La <strong>immunoter\u00e0pia del c\u00e0ncer<\/strong> es basa a fer servir el nostre<strong> sistema immune<\/strong> per atacar i eliminar tumors. El sistema immune est\u00e0 en constant vigil\u00e0ncia del agents externs o disturbis que puguin alterar el bon funcionament dels teixits del cos. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals, degut al seu dany, i les mutacions poden ser reconegudes com a c\u00e8l\u00b7lules estranyes i, per tant, normalment s\u00f3n eliminades pel sistema immune, mantenint aix\u00ed el funcionament dels nostres teixits. Malauradament, al llarg del temps els tumors s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os de trobar vies per amagar-se del sistema immune o fins i tot per desactivar la seva tasca de vigil\u00e0ncia i neteja. La immunoter\u00e0pia consisteix a refor\u00e7ar el sistema immune i tornar a fer visibles les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals perqu\u00e8 siguin correctament reconegudes i eliminades.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2482\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2482\" style=\"width: 680px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2482 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ellipse-117-immunotherapy-1-680x600.jpg\" alt=\"Imagen de Simon Caulton. CC BY-SA 3.0\" width=\"680\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ellipse-117-immunotherapy-1-680x600.jpg 680w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ellipse-117-immunotherapy-1-254x224.jpg 254w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ellipse-117-immunotherapy-1-768x678.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Ellipse-117-immunotherapy-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2482\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Imagen de Simon Caulton. CC BY-SA 3.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Hi ha diferents tipus d\u2019immunoter\u00e0pia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Una \u00e9s l\u2019administraci\u00f3 dels nostres propis <strong>limf\u00f2cits<\/strong> despr\u00e9s d\u2019haver estat seleccionats qualitativament al laboratori o, fins i tot, despr\u00e9s de ser modificats gen\u00e8ticament, de manera que es reforcen les nostres defenses per atacar el tumor de forma m\u00e9s eficient.<\/li>\n<li>Una altra opci\u00f3 \u00e9s la immunitzaci\u00f3 a partir de la generaci\u00f3 de <strong>vacunes amb neoant\u00edgens espec\u00edfics<\/strong> de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules malignes i aix\u00ed engegar una resposta immune espec\u00edfica.<\/li>\n<li>Una de les estrat\u00e8gies m\u00e9s prometedores avui dia \u00e9s la utilitzaci\u00f3 d\u2019<strong>inhibidors bloquejadors dels punts de control del sistema immune<\/strong>. Aquests punts de control normalment serveixen per evitar la sobreactivaci\u00f3 innecess\u00e0ria del sistema immune i prevenir danys inflamatoris cr\u00f2nics. Els tumors, per\u00f2, s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d\u2019activar-los per al seu benefici, bloquejant la immunitat. D\u2019aquesta manera, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals no s\u00f3n eliminades per les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules T citot\u00f2xiques del sistema immune.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aquest tipus d\u2019immunoter\u00e0pia \u00e9s el que ha donat resultats m\u00e9s sorprenents i prometedors durant els \u00faltims anys, principalment en el <strong>melanoma, el c\u00e0ncer de pulm\u00f3 i el c\u00e0ncer de bufeta<\/strong>. Tot i que encara molts pacients no responen a aquests tractaments, els que hi responen ho fan de forma molt eficient i duradora, ja que mantenen l\u2019ex\u00e8rcit interior (el sistema immune) en vigil\u00e0ncia constant.<\/p>\n<p>Actualment, la utilitzaci\u00f3 de la immunoter\u00e0pia i entendre\u2019n el funcionament \u00e9s sens dubte un dels principals objectius de la recerca en <strong>oncologia molecular<\/strong>. Entendre els mecanismes moleculars de resposta i resist\u00e8ncia a la immunoter\u00e0pia en diferents tipus de c\u00e0ncer ser\u00e0 clau per poder aplicar la immunoter\u00e0pia per al benefici del pacient durant els propers anys.<\/p>\n<p>En el nostre grup, estem interessats en l\u2019estudi de la interacci\u00f3 del sistema immune amb el c\u00e0ncer de mama i aix\u00ed trobar les configuracions necess\u00e0ries per tenir respostes eficients. En concret estudiem el c\u00e0ncer de mama triple negatiu, un subtipus de c\u00e0ncer de mama agressiu i amb manca de tractaments dirigits pels pacients avan\u00e7ats, als quals la immunoter\u00e0pia pot oferir una soluci\u00f3 prometedora.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Com funciona la immunoter\u00e0pia? Toni Celi\u00e0-Terrassa ens explica com aquest innovador tractament estimula les defenses naturals del cos per ajudar-nos a combatre el c\u00e0ncer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[312,513,213,411,413,418],"new-type":[38],"class_list":["post-991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-cancer-ca","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","tag-imim","tag-immunologia","tag-immunoterapia","tag-oncologia","new-type-a-fons"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=991"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42937,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/991\/revisions\/42937"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=991"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=991"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=991"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}