{"id":8172,"date":"2020-05-25T18:08:56","date_gmt":"2020-05-25T16:08:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=8172"},"modified":"2020-05-25T18:08:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-25T16:08:58","slug":"formacio-destructures-similars-a-epitelis-en-organismes-unicellulars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/formacio-destructures-similars-a-epitelis-en-organismes-unicellulars\/","title":{"rendered":"Formaci\u00f3 d&#8217;estructures similars a epitelis en organismes unicel\u00b7lulars"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Es creu que l&#8217;<strong>epiteli<\/strong>, teixit format per una o diverses capes de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules unides entre s\u00ed, va ser la <strong>primera forma d&#8217;organitzaci\u00f3 multicel\u00b7lular<\/strong> en apar\u00e8ixer. La seva pres\u00e8ncia en tots els animals fa de l&#8217;epiteli quelcom caracter\u00edstic d&#8217;aquests organismes.<\/p>\n<p>El descobriment d&#8217;una <strong>estructura similar<\/strong> a un epiteli en la fase multicel\u00b7lular de les&nbsp;<strong>amebes socials<\/strong> (<em>Dictyostelium discoideum<\/em>), organismes unicel\u00b7lulars que presenten una etapa de desenvolupament multicel\u00b7lular en el seu cicle biol\u00f2gic, va fer reflexionar als cient\u00edfics sobre la possibilitat de que l&#8217;origen dels epitelis fos anterior al de l&#8217;aparici\u00f3 dels animals.<\/p>\n<p>Al 2018, investigadors de l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibe.upf-csic.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE: CSIC-UPF)<\/a> van descobrir que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/current-biology\/fulltext\/S0960-9822(18)30546-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">l&#8217;organisme unicel\u00b7lular&nbsp;<i>Sphaeroforma arctica&nbsp;<\/i>presenta tamb\u00e9 aquesta etapa multicel\u00b7lular<\/a> en el seu desenvolupament, la qual manifesta trets t\u00edpics d&#8217;un epiteli.<\/p>\n<p>Aquesta estructura similar a un epiteli s&#8217;origina a partir de la <strong>cel\u00b7lularitzaci\u00f3<\/strong> d&#8217;un <strong>cen\u00f2cit,<\/strong> c\u00e8l\u00b7lula multinucleada resultat de m\u00faltiples divisions nuclears sense citoquinesi.<\/p>\n<p>Aquest any, els mateixos investigadors de l&#8217;IBE han demostrat que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibe.upf-csic.es\/home\/-\/asset_publisher\/T2caeLMECPvW\/content\/id\/235018787\/maximized#.XsZZvGgzZPY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">aquest proc\u00e9s de cel\u00b7lularitzaci\u00f3 succeeix per mitj\u00e0 de mecanismes moleculars t\u00edpics dels animals<\/a>. Concretament, van veure que es donava a partir del muntatge i desplegament d&#8217;una xarxa cortical d&#8217;<strong>actina i miosina<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>En aquesta imatge, podem veure les diferents fases del proc\u00e9s de cel\u00b7lularitzaci\u00f3 en&nbsp;<em>S. arctica<\/em>. S&#8217;aprecien dos marcatges diferents:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DAPI (blau)<\/strong>:&nbsp;marcador que s\u2019uneix a regions riques en adenina i timina de les seq\u00fc\u00e8ncies d\u2019ADN. S\u2019utilitza generalment per marcar el material gen\u00e8tic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Phalloidin (verd)<\/strong>: marcador selectiu per filaments d&#8217;actina.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aix\u00ed doncs, la troballa realitzada per aquests investigadors de l&#8217;IBE confirma l&#8217;aparici\u00f3 de mecanismes moleculars per a la formaci\u00f3 d&#8217;epitelis en organismes amb origen evolutiu previ als animals.<\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Vols veure la teva foto aqu\u00ed? Envia\u2019ns imatges relacionades amb la ci\u00e8ncia o la vida al PRBB a&nbsp;<a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"mailto:ellipse@prbb.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ellipse@prbb.org.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n<h1><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Es creu que l&#8217;epiteli, teixit format per una o diverses capes de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules unides entre s\u00ed, va ser la primera forma d&#8217;organitzaci\u00f3 multicel\u00b7lular en apar\u00e8ixer. La seva pres\u00e8ncia en tots els animals fa de l&#8217;epiteli quelcom caracter\u00edstic d&#8217;aquests organismes. El descobriment d&#8217;una estructura similar a un epiteli en la fase multicel\u00b7lular de les&nbsp;amebes socials (Dictyostelium [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":14723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[269,271,211],"new-type":[40],"class_list":["post-8172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recerca","tag-biologia-cellular","tag-divisio-cellular","tag-ibe-csic-upf","new-type-foto-de-la-setmana"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8172"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15215,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8172\/revisions\/15215"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8172"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=8172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}