{"id":6164,"date":"2007-11-29T14:59:23","date_gmt":"2007-11-29T13:59:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=6164"},"modified":"2024-01-08T14:07:45","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T13:07:45","slug":"llenguatge-molecular-com-les-cel%c2%b7lules-es-comuniquen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/llenguatge-molecular-com-les-cel%c2%b7lules-es-comuniquen\/","title":{"rendered":"Llenguatge molecular: com es comuniquen les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Comunicar-se<\/strong> o morir, aquesta \u00e9s la llei per a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules necessiten con\u00e8ixer el que succeeix al seu entorn per tal de reaccionar adequadament en cada moment. Per aix\u00f2 tenen uns mecanismes de <strong>senyalitzaci\u00f3<\/strong> molt complexes.<\/p>\n<p>Excepte quan el senyal \u00e9s difusible, la senyalitzaci\u00f3 sol comen\u00e7ar amb un <strong>receptor<\/strong> situat a la <strong>membrana<\/strong> de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula (la membrana recobreix la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula i la separa de l\u2019exterior). Aquest receptor <strong>detecta un senyal<\/strong> de l\u2019entorn i, en conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, <strong>activa<\/strong> una prote\u00efna, que activar\u00e0 una altra prote\u00efna, i aix\u00ed consecutivament. Aix\u00f2 s\u2019anomena una <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/transduccio-de-senyal-com-funciona-la-xarxa-de-comunicacio-cel%C2%B7lular\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>cascada de senyalitzaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/a>. En c\u00e8l\u00b7lules eucariotes, com les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules humanes, els components d\u2019aquestes cascades solen ser les <strong>cinases i fosfatases<\/strong> \u2013 un tipus de prote\u00efnes que afegeixen o treuen un grup qu\u00edmic a d\u2019altres prote\u00efnes, modificant aix\u00ed la seva activitat. La cascada de senyalitzaci\u00f3 acaba al <strong>nucli<\/strong>, la part de la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula on hi ha el <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/adn-la-base-molecular-de-la-vida\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">DNA<\/a>, i acabar\u00e0 activant o reprimint uns gens espec\u00edfics. L\u2019acci\u00f3 d\u2019aquests gens dictar\u00e0 la resposta al senyal inicial.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7288 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cascada-comunicaci\u00f3-cel\u00b7lular-CAT-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1107\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cascada-comunicaci\u00f3-cel\u00b7lular-CAT-2.png 800w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cascada-comunicaci\u00f3-cel\u00b7lular-CAT-2-162x224.png 162w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cascada-comunicaci\u00f3-cel\u00b7lular-CAT-2-768x1063.png 768w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Cascada-comunicaci\u00f3-cel\u00b7lular-CAT-2-434x600.png 434w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Entre els senyals que disparen una reacci\u00f3 a la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula en destaquen diversos tipus d\u2019<strong>estr\u00e8s extern<\/strong>, com la manca d\u2019aliments, un shock t\u00e8rmic, o l\u2019estr\u00e8s osm\u00f2tic. El senyal d\u2019estr\u00e8s, per\u00f2, tamb\u00e9 pot ser intern, com \u00e9s el cas de l\u2019<strong>estr\u00e8s oxidatiu<\/strong>: l\u2019\u00fas de l\u2019oxigen durant la respiraci\u00f3 pot crear mol\u00e8cules reactives com a producte secundari, i aquestes poden fer malb\u00e9 altres tipus de biomol\u00e8cules, entre elles el DNA.<\/p>\n<p>A m\u00e9s, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tamb\u00e9 necessiten parlar les unes amb les altres per a poder comportar-se com un tot dins l\u2019organisme. Aquesta <strong>comunicaci\u00f3 intercel\u00b7lular<\/strong> (\u2018entre c\u00e8l\u00b7lules\u2019) pot ser a trav\u00e9s de contacte f\u00edsic o a trav\u00e9s de <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/les-cel%C2%B7lules-tambe-parlen-entre-elles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mol\u00e8cules alliberades per una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula i captades per una altra<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Existeixen diferents maneres per les quals una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula es comunica amb el seu entorn, tant per enviar com per rebre informaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":7274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[269,513],"new-type":[35],"class_list":["post-6164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-biologia-cellular","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6164"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40061,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6164\/revisions\/40061"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7274"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6164"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=6164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}