{"id":511,"date":"2007-06-18T16:19:11","date_gmt":"2007-06-18T14:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.3ip.eu\/?p=511"},"modified":"2024-05-31T11:25:13","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T09:25:13","slug":"lsplicing-o-empalmament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lsplicing-o-empalmament\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019splicing o empalmament"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Tot i que el <strong>genoma hum\u00e0<\/strong> cont\u00e9 nom\u00e9s uns <strong>25.000 gens<\/strong>, aquests poden donar lloc a m\u00e9s de <strong>150.000 prote\u00efnes<\/strong> diferents, fent &nbsp;possible la immensa complexitat humana. Una de les raons d\u2019aquesta complexitat \u00e9s <strong>l\u2019splicing<\/strong> (o empalmament), un fenomen molecular que estudien diversos grups de recerca dels centres del PRBB.<\/p>\n<p>I en qu\u00e8 consisteix? <strong>L\u2019splicing<\/strong> \u00e9s un sistema que facilita la lectura dels gens. Els gens, les instruccions per crear un organisme, tenen parts amb sentit (frases o <strong>exons<\/strong>) i parts sense sentit (paraules a l\u2019atzar, o <strong>introns<\/strong>). Precisament l\u2019splicing elimina els introns i facilita la lectura de les instruccions. Entendre l\u2019splicing \u00e9s fonamental, ja que altrament tenir la seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de tots els gens (el genoma hum\u00e0) seria com tenir un llibre i no saber-lo llegir.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_512\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-512\" style=\"width: 1062px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-512 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ellipse-1-splicing-2000x1125-1062x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mecanismes d'empalmament o splicing\" width=\"1062\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ellipse-1-splicing-2000x1125-1062x600.jpg 1062w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ellipse-1-splicing-2000x1125-250x140.jpg 250w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ellipse-1-splicing-2000x1125-396x224.jpg 396w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ellipse-1-splicing-2000x1125-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Ellipse-1-splicing-2000x1125.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1062px) 100vw, 1062px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-512\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mecanismes d&#8217;empalmament o splicing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A m\u00e9s existeix <strong>l\u2019splicing<\/strong> <strong>alternatiu, <\/strong>un mecanisme que augmenta la diversitat de prote\u00efnes possibles. \u00c9s a dir, diferents c\u00e8l\u00b7lules, o la mateixa c\u00e8l\u00b7lula en diferents condicions, poden decidir incloure o no un determinat ex\u00f3 (frase) en les instruccions finals d\u2019un gen, la qual cosa modifica les prote\u00efnes resultants fent que tinguin accions diferents, fins i tot contr\u00e0ries. El fet \u00e9s que ja sabem que prop d\u2019un <strong>30% de malalties gen\u00e8tiques<\/strong> com la neurofibromatosis, son degudes a <strong>problemes amb l\u2019splicing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Encara \u00e9s un misteri el com i el perqu\u00e8 les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules decideixen incloure o no determinats exons a les prote\u00efnes. El que s\u00ed se sap \u00e9s que cada gen pot generar entre 2 i 5 prote\u00efnes diferents \u2013 el cas m\u00e9s extrem conegut \u00e9s el gen Dscam de la mosca <em>Drosophila<\/em>, que pot donar lloc fins a 32.000 prote\u00efnes diferents!<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&#8217;splicing (o empalmament) \u00e9s un mecanisme molecular que facilita la lectura dels gens, i l&#8217;splicing alternatiu fa possible la gran varietat de prote\u00efnes que produ\u00efm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[555,297,513,245,289,332,329],"new-type":[38,43],"class_list":["post-511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-arn","tag-biologia-molecular","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","tag-empalmament","tag-genoma","tag-gens","tag-proteines","new-type-a-fons","new-type-recomanem"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=511"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42844,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511\/revisions\/42844"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=511"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}