{"id":42998,"date":"2025-12-30T22:50:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T21:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=42998"},"modified":"2026-01-13T13:18:44","modified_gmt":"2026-01-13T12:18:44","slug":"lost-in-translation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lost-in-translation\/","title":{"rendered":"Lost in translation?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La informaci\u00f3 essencial per a la vida est\u00e0 codificada en l&#8217;<strong>ADN<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 s\u00f3n les <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lestructura-proteica-clau-en-levolucio-i-la-salut\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>prote\u00efnes<\/strong> <\/a>les que fan la major part de la feina a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules. Sabeu com els <strong>nucle\u00f2tids<\/strong> (les unitats b\u00e0siques que formen l&#8217;ADN) transfereixen la informaci\u00f3 als <strong>amino\u00e0cids<\/strong> que formen les prote\u00efnes? Doncs gr\u00e0cies a la transcripci\u00f3 i la traducci\u00f3, dos processos que tenen lloc al nucli i al citoplasma, respectivament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/la-transcripcio-vista-molecula-a-molecula\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>transcripci\u00f3<\/strong> <\/a>\u00e9s la transfer\u00e8ncia d\u2019informaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;ADN a l\u2019<strong>ARN missatger (ARNm)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La <strong>traducci\u00f3<\/strong> \u00e9s la transfer\u00e8ncia d\u2019informaci\u00f3 de l\u2019ARNm a les prote\u00efnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durant molt temps s\u2019ha pensat que la transcripci\u00f3 era el mecanisme prioritari de control de l\u2019<strong>expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica<\/strong>, per\u00f2 darrerament s\u2019ha descobert que la traducci\u00f3 \u00e9s m\u00e9s important del que es pensava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El <strong>codi gen\u00e8tic<\/strong> especifica que cada <strong>cod\u00f3 <\/strong>(format per tres nucle\u00f2tids) al ARNm es correspon amb un amino\u00e0cid espec\u00edfic. Els <strong>ARN de transfer\u00e8ncia (ARNt)<\/strong> s\u00f3n les mol\u00e8cules que executen el codi, portant un amino\u00e0cid en un dels seus costats i unint-se al corresponent cod\u00f3 per l\u2019altre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tot aix\u00f2 succeeix dins d\u2019unes m\u00e0quines moleculars anomenades <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/la-vida-dinamica-dels-ribosomes-per-ivan-milenkovic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ribosomes<\/a><\/strong>, que catalitzen la reacci\u00f3. La traducci\u00f3 finalitza quan el ribosoma es troba amb un dels tres \u2018<strong>codons stop<\/strong>\u2019 en el ARNm. Quan aix\u00f2 passa cap dels ARNt pot recon\u00e8ixer aquest cod\u00f3 i la cadena d\u2019amino\u00e0cids \u00e9s alliberada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La major part de <strong>l\u2019energia <\/strong>que consumeix una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula es dedica a fer ribosomes i a la traducci\u00f3, un proc\u00e9s essencial per a la vida. Per tant no \u00e9s sorprenent que la traducci\u00f3 estigui <strong>altament regulada<\/strong>. Per exemple, l\u2019<strong>estr\u00e8s cel\u00b7lular<\/strong> i altres condicions fisiol\u00f2giques estan controlats per l\u2019activitat del factor d\u2019iniciaci\u00f3 de la traducci\u00f3 eIF2a. Aquest factor \u00e9s modificat en situacions d\u2019estr\u00e8s donant lloc a una resposta que canvia el perfil transcripcional de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules, \u00e9s a dir, quins gens es transcriuen. Errors en aquest sistema de control contribueixen a <strong>malalties<\/strong> com la diabetis, la s\u00edndrome metab\u00f2lica, la osteoporosis i la neurodegeneraci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:71px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La traducci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica, des de l&#8217;ARNm a les prote\u00efnes, exerceix un paper cr\u00edtic en la regulaci\u00f3 cel\u00b7lular i la salut humana. El control prec\u00eds d&#8217;aquest proc\u00e9s \u00e9s crucial en malalties com la diabetis i la neurodegeneraci\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":43006,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[275,555,297,513,332,329],"new-type":[38,35],"class_list":["post-42998","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-adn","tag-arn","tag-biologia-molecular","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","tag-gens","tag-proteines","new-type-a-fons","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42998","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42998"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42998\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49771,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42998\/revisions\/49771"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42998"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42998"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42998"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=42998"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}