{"id":42940,"date":"2026-06-10T09:49:09","date_gmt":"2026-06-10T07:49:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=42940"},"modified":"2026-06-10T09:51:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-10T07:51:00","slug":"el-genoma-en-un-microxip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/el-genoma-en-un-microxip\/","title":{"rendered":"El genoma en un microxip"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el m\u00f3n de la gen\u00f2mica, els \u201c<strong>microarrays<\/strong>\u201d en s\u00f3n els reis. S\u00f3n <strong>portaobjectes de vidre<\/strong>, d\u2019uns 5 cm de llarg per 2 cm d\u2019ample, en els que s\u2019hi poden col\u00b7locar fins a 1 mili\u00f3 d\u2019\u00ednfimes gotes, una al costat de l\u2019altra. Cadascuna d\u2019aquestes gotes, que s\u2019adhereixen qu\u00edmicament al vidre, forma un punt que cont\u00e9 generalment una \u00fanica<strong> sonda<\/strong> \u2013un tros d\u2019ADN corresponent a un fragment del genoma. Aix\u00ed, es pot tenir una <strong>gran col\u00b7lecci\u00f3 de gens<\/strong>, fins i tot el genoma sencer, tot plegat representat en pocs portaobjectes. Aquest sistema permet dur a terme<strong> an\u00e0lisis en desenes de milers de gens alhora<\/strong>, mentre que normalment s\u2019haurien de fer gen a gen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El m\u00e9s habitual d\u2019aquests <strong>estudis<\/strong> \u00e9s el de l\u2019<strong>expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica<\/strong>. Es diu que els gens \u2018s\u2019expressen\u2019 quan aquests s\u2019activen per tal de <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/de-gens-proteines-i-arn-no-codificants\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">donar lloc a prote\u00efnes<\/a>, que finalment faran la funci\u00f3 especificada pel gen. En aquesta conversi\u00f3 hi ha uns intermediaris, <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/la-transcripcio-canvia-lestructura-de-ladn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">els ARN missatgers (ARNm)<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/la-transcripcio-vista-molecula-a-molecula\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cada gen produeix un ARNm<\/a> i aquests s\u00f3n els que els cient\u00edfics detecten per saber si un gen s\u2019est\u00e0 expressant. Amb aquesta finalitat<strong> es treuen els ARNms de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules, es marquen amb unes mol\u00e8cules fluorescents i es posen damunt del microarray, on cada ARNm reconeixer\u00e0 la seva sonda<\/strong> &#8211; un punt del microarray &#8211; i s\u2019hi unir\u00e0 espec\u00edficament. Aix\u00ed es pot observar el microarray i veure quins punts s\u00f3n fluorescents: aquests representen els gens que s\u2019estan expressant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019aquesta manera els cient\u00edfics poden <strong>saber quins gens s\u2019expressen en una condici\u00f3 determinada i a quins nivells<\/strong> (segons la intensitat de la fluoresc\u00e8ncia), i tamb\u00e9 es poden <strong>comparar dues condicions<\/strong>, marcant els ARNms amb colors diferents. Per exemple, es pot comparar l\u2019expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica d\u2019una persona sana i d\u2019una malalta, o en la mateixa persona abans i despr\u00e9s de prendre un medicament, i aix\u00ed veure quins gens s\u2019expressen en una condici\u00f3 i no en l\u2019altra. Tot aix\u00f2 dona pistes sobre quins gens poden estar implicats en la malaltia, o quin efecte t\u00e9 la medicaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al PRBB hi ha serveis t\u00e8cnics de microarrays, gestionats per l&#8217;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imim.es\/\" target=\"_blank\">Hospital del Mar Research Institute<\/a> i pel <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crg.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica (CRG)<\/a>; uns serveis que fan servir varis grups que treballen camps molt diversos, des de la biologia molecular fins a l&#8217;evoluci\u00f3. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Els microarrays, revolucionaris en gen\u00f2mica, permeten analitzar desenes de milers de gens simult\u00e0niament. Aquesta tecnologia ajuda a identificar l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica en diferents condicions, oferint informaci\u00f3 clau sobre malalties i tractaments.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":42944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[297,513,289,217],"new-type":[35],"class_list":["post-42940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-biologia-molecular","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","tag-genoma","tag-microarrays","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42940"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":51695,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42940\/revisions\/51695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42940"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=42940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}