{"id":3577,"date":"2017-04-15T15:23:34","date_gmt":"2017-04-15T13:23:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=3577"},"modified":"2024-06-03T12:38:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-03T10:38:58","slug":"bioenginyeria-dorgans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/bioenginyeria-dorgans\/","title":{"rendered":"Bioenginyeria d\u2019\u00f2rgans"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La soluci\u00f3 definitiva a la <strong>disfunci\u00f3 severa d\u2019\u00f2rgans<\/strong> vitals com ara el cor, els pulmons o els ronyons \u00e9s sovint la substituci\u00f3 de l\u2019\u00f2rgan malm\u00e8s per un de funcional procedent d\u2019un donant. Ara b\u00e9, aquesta no \u00e9s una opci\u00f3 real per a una gran quantitat de pacients, principalment a causa de la <strong>manca de donants<\/strong> i la <strong>incompatibilitats amb el sistema immunitari<\/strong>. \u00c9s per aix\u00f2 que els cient\u00edfics estan buscant la manera de poder fer \u00f2rgans al laboratori.<\/p>\n<p>Una estrat\u00e8gia \u00e9s la <strong>impressi\u00f3 3D d\u2019\u00f2rgans<\/strong> a partir de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules i components diversos. Malgrat que es tracta d\u2019una opci\u00f3 amb gran potencialitat te\u00f2rica, encara est\u00e0 lluny de poder aplicar-se en pacients.<\/p>\n<p>En canvi, <strong>fer \u00f2rgans a partir d\u2019una estructura inicial<\/strong> es presenta com una opci\u00f3 m\u00e9s realista a curt i mitj\u00e0 termini. Els nostres \u00f2rgans estan formats per <strong>c\u00e8l\u00b7lules especialitzades<\/strong> (per exemple, c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que es contreuen al cor, o c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que poden captar oxigen de l\u2019aire als pulmons) que estan organitzades correctament en l\u2019espai gr\u00e0cies a una estructura de prote\u00efnes i altres mol\u00e8cules, anomenada <strong>matriu extracel\u00b7lular<\/strong>. \u00c9s possible treure les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dels \u00f2rgans per deixar-ne nom\u00e9s la matriu extracel\u00b7lular, i aleshores poblar-la novament de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que es diferenciaran en les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules especialitzades. En deixar nom\u00e9s la matriu extracel\u00b7lular i repoblar despr\u00e9s amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules derivades del mateix pacient s\u2019eviten els problemes de rebuig immunitari. A m\u00e9s, s\u2019est\u00e0 investigant l\u2019\u00fas de matrius extracel\u00b7lulars artificials o procedents d\u2019animals, per augmentar-ne la disponibilitat.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u00c9s possible treure les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dels \u00f2rgans per deixar-ne nom\u00e9s la matriu extracel\u00b7lular, i aleshores poblar-la novament de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que es diferenciaran en les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules especialitzades<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Aquestes t\u00e8cniques ja <strong>s\u2019han aplicat en pacients per reparar fragments d\u2019\u00f2rgans d\u2019estructura simple<\/strong>, com ara la bufeta urin\u00e0ria o les vies respirat\u00f2ries. Per\u00f2 per a \u00f2rgans sencers d\u2019estructures m\u00e9s complexes cal encara optimitzar els protocols i assegurar la funcionalitat a llarg termini. D\u2019aquesta manera, s\u2019espera que malalties que fins ara s\u00f3n fatals deixin de ser-ho en les properes d\u00e8cades.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Els cient\u00edfics estan buscant la manera de poder fer \u00f2rgans al laboratori per a contrarestar la manca de donants i el rebuig immunol\u00f2gic per part del receptor de l&#8217;\u00f2rgan. Rosa Martinez-Corral ens explica com.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[559,307,513,561],"new-type":[35],"class_list":["post-3577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-bioenginyeria","tag-biologia-sintetica","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","tag-organoides-ca","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3583,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3577\/revisions\/3583"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3577"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=3577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}