{"id":34412,"date":"2023-02-14T11:16:40","date_gmt":"2023-02-14T10:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=34412"},"modified":"2024-01-19T12:27:13","modified_gmt":"2024-01-19T11:27:13","slug":"organoides-la-revolucio-de-les-tres-dimensions-en-una-placa-de-petri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/organoides-la-revolucio-de-les-tres-dimensions-en-una-placa-de-petri\/","title":{"rendered":"Organoides: la revoluci\u00f3 de les tres dimensions en una placa de Petri"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durant anys, els <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/cultivant-cellules-per-a-la-recerca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cultius cel\u00b7lulars<\/a><\/strong> han perm\u00e8s mantenir al laboratori tipus de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules concretes per <strong>estudiar la seva fisiologia<\/strong> i les<strong> malalties <\/strong>desenvolupades quan hi ha anomalies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per\u00f2 si pensem en l&#8217;estat natural de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules dins un \u00f2rgan, on estan <strong>organitzades en tres dimensions<\/strong> formant teixits i <strong>interaccionant amb altres tipus cel\u00b7lulars<\/strong>, una monocapa de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules cultivades al laboratori queda for\u00e7a lluny de la realitat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per aix\u00f2, fa temps que s&#8217;intenta cultivar <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/mini-organs-humans-per-estudiar-la-covid-19-i-els-seus-tractaments-de-manera-mes-realista\/\" target=\"_blank\">organoides<\/a><\/strong>: estructures <strong>tridimensionals<\/strong> formades gr\u00e0cies a la <strong>capacitat d&#8217;agregaci\u00f3 i autoorganitzaci\u00f3<\/strong> de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules, que <strong>emulin petits \u00f2rgans<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Els organoides s\u00f3n estructures cel\u00b7lulars tridimensionals creades al laboratori per a emular \u00f2rgans.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:76px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La diversitat dels \u00f2rgans en miniatura<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi ha molts tipus d&#8217;organoides &#8211; tants com \u00f2rgans tenim al cos &#8211; per\u00f2 a grans trets podem distingir-los segons el seu origen. Aix\u00ed doncs, trobem: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Organoides derivats de les <strong>c\u00e8l\u00b7lules mare adultes dels teixits<\/strong> que es poden regenerar. Aquests es poden cultivar molt de temps quan es donen les condicions de cultiu adequades. En s\u00f3n exemples els organoides d&#8217;intest\u00ed o del fetge.<\/li><li>Organoides derivats de <strong>c\u00e8l\u00b7lules pluripotents<\/strong> i que, per tant, requereixen d&#8217;un proc\u00e9s de diferenciaci\u00f3. Aquests tenen una vida limitada en cultiu i els m\u00e9s coneguts s\u00f3n els <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lart-de-saber-diferenciar\/\" target=\"_blank\">organoides de cervell<\/a>.     <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:77px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un pas endavant, per\u00f2 no definitiu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con\u00e8ixer <strong>com es comporta una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula<\/strong> determinada quan est\u00e0 en <strong>contacte amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules d&#8217;altres classes<\/strong> i en <strong>rep informaci\u00f3<\/strong> permet obtenir resultats m\u00e9s propers als dels estudis <em>in vivo<\/em> que es realitzen amb pacients o <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/els-animals-en-la-recerca-biomedica\/\" target=\"_blank\">organismes model<\/a>. Per aix\u00f2 l&#8217;\u00fas d&#8217;organoides suposa una <strong>alternativa parcial a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/debat-sobre-lexperimentacio-animal\/\" target=\"_blank\">l&#8217;\u00fas d&#8217;animals per experimentaci\u00f3<\/a><\/strong> i escur\u00e7a el cam\u00ed de la <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/reduint-lesquerda-entre-la-clinica-i-el-laboratori-amb-un-programa-de-doctorat-per-a-personal-medic\/\" target=\"_blank\">recerca translacional<\/a><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Al <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prbb.org\/?l=ca\" target=\"_blank\">Parc de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica de Barcelona (PRBB)<\/a> hi ha diferents grups que treballen amb organoides cultivant miniatures de <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lart-de-saber-diferenciar\/\" target=\"_blank\">cervell<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/sergi-bonilla-crg-els-humans-hem-perdut-la-capacitat-de-regenerar-la-retina\/\" target=\"_blank\">ull<\/a> o <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/mini-organs-humans-per-estudiar-la-covid-19-i-els-seus-tractaments-de-manera-mes-realista\/\" target=\"_blank\">pulm\u00f3<\/a>. Per\u00f2 en tots els casos, la vida d&#8217;aquests organoides est\u00e0 <strong>limitada<\/strong> per la seva <strong>dificultat de generar vasculatura<\/strong> i, per tant, de tenir un bon transport d&#8217;oxigen i nutrients, aix\u00ed com eliminar els residus metab\u00f2lics. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per superar aquestes limitacions, caldria aplicar noves t\u00e8cniques com la <strong>flu\u00eddica<\/strong> o el <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/un-xip-per-desxifrar-la-biologia-placentaria\/\" target=\"_blank\">cultiu de teixits en un xip<\/a><\/strong>. Alternatives que ja s&#8217;estan integrant en els experiments que es fan al parc per\u00f2 que encara no trobem en la rutina diaria dels laboratoris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:77px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n els organoids, com es creen, perqu\u00e8 serveixen i quines s\u00f3n les seves limitacions? La Marta Vila ens ho explica en aquest article divulgatiu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":34992,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[269,427,513,515,561],"new-type":[35],"class_list":["post-34412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ciencia-i-societat","tag-biologia-cellular","tag-cellules-mare","tag-ciencia-al-descobert","tag-divulgacio","tag-organoides-ca","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34412"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38694,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34412\/revisions\/38694"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34412"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=34412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}