{"id":31167,"date":"2022-07-04T10:21:37","date_gmt":"2022-07-04T08:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=31167"},"modified":"2022-07-04T10:21:38","modified_gmt":"2022-07-04T08:21:38","slug":"lorigen-de-la-cromatina-es-dona-fa-entre-mil-i-dos-mil-milions-danys-en-microbis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lorigen-de-la-cromatina-es-dona-fa-entre-mil-i-dos-mil-milions-danys-en-microbis\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019origen de la cromatina es don\u00e0 fa entre mil i dos mil milions d\u2019anys en microbis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per a qu\u00e8 els quasi 2m d&#8217;ADN que tenim a cada c\u00e8l\u00b7lula c\u00e0piguen dins dels nuclis cel\u00b7lulars, cal que es repleguin, i molt, en forma de cabdell de llana. Per fer-ho, l&#8217;ADN s&#8217;enrotlla sobre unes prote\u00efnes estructurals anomenades <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/epigenetica-mes-enlla-dels-gens\/\" target=\"_blank\">histones<\/a> i es col\u00b7loca en forma d\u2019espiral en el que anomenem <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/la-transcripcio-vista-molecula-a-molecula\/\" target=\"_blank\">cromatina<\/a>, una estructura que protegeix l\u2019ADN de danys i t\u00e9 un paper clau en la <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/de-gens-proteines-i-arn-no-codificants\/\" target=\"_blank\">regulaci\u00f3 g\u00e8nica<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les histones no nom\u00e9s estan presents en organismes <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/els-altres-eucariotes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">eucariotes<\/a> (aquells que presenten c\u00e8l\u00b7lules nucleades) sin\u00f3 tamb\u00e9 en els arqueus (microbis <a href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/no-sabem-per-que-hi-ha-gens-amb-funcions-multicel%c2%b7lulars-en-organismes-unicel%c2%b7lulars\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">unicel\u00b7lulars<\/a> sense nucli). En el cas dels eucariotes, a m\u00e9s, hi ha enzims que s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os de modificar les <strong>histones<\/strong> per tal de <strong>regular l\u2019expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica<\/strong>. Per\u00f2 malgrat el paper essencial de la <strong>cromatina<\/strong>, fins ara no s\u2019havia estudiat gaire el seu origen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gr\u00e0cies a un <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crg.eu\/en\/news\/chromatin-originated-ancient-microbes-one-two-billion-years-ago\" target=\"_blank\">estudi<\/a> liderat pel laboratori de n&#8217;Arnau Seb\u00e9-Pedr\u00f3s al\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crg.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica (CRG)<\/a> que ha comptat amb la col\u00b7laboraci\u00f3 de diverses institucions, entre elles l\u2019<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ibe.upf-csic.es\/home\" target=\"_blank\">Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE, CSIC-UPF)<\/a>, tamb\u00e9 al\u00a0<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prbb.org\/?l=ca\" target=\"_blank\">Parc de Recerca Biom\u00e8dica de Barcelona (PRBB)<\/a>, ara se sap que els <strong>microbis<\/strong> que habitaven el nostre planeta <strong>fa entre mil i dos mil milions d\u2019anys<\/strong> van ser els primers en presentar aquesta estructura gen\u00f2mica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:46px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u00ab<em>Des que aparegu\u00e9 la cromatina per primer cop, mai s\u2019ha tornat a perdre, en cap forma de vida\u201d <\/em><\/p><cite><strong>Dr. Xavier Grau-Bov\u00e9, <\/strong>investigador postdoctoral del CRG<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:46px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per a arribar a aquestes conclusions l\u2019equip ha estudiat els genomes d&#8217;una trentena d&#8217;esp\u00e8cies d\u2019<strong>organismes moderns<\/strong> provinents d\u2019aig\u00fces de Canad\u00e0 i Fran\u00e7a. I gr\u00e0cies a la <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/noves-eines-per-a-millorar-lanalisi-de-la-sequencia-i-estructura-del-genoma\/\" target=\"_blank\">seq\u00fcenciaci\u00f3 dels seus genomes<\/a>, han pogut observar que, malgrat els <strong>arqueus <\/strong>presenten histones, no tenen enzims que les modulin, proposant un <strong>paper nom\u00e9s estructural de la cromatina<\/strong>. En canvi, sembla que els primer eucariotes, dels quals fins ara no se n\u2019havia seq\u00fcenciat el genoma, exhibeixen prote\u00efnes capaces d\u2019interactuar amb les histones. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els investigadors de l&#8217;estudi afegeixen que estudis futurs en microbis considerats com a trampol\u00ed entre els arqueus i els eucariotes, posarien encara m\u00e9s llum a l\u2019origen de la cromatina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:61px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gr\u00e0cies a la seq\u00fcenciaci\u00f3 g\u00e8nica, investigadors del CRG i l\u2019IBE han reconstru\u00eft el genoma de l\u2019\u00faltim ancestre com\u00fa dels eucariotes i han observat que ja presentava gens de modificaci\u00f3 de les histones. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":31179,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[265,648,706,211,480],"new-type":[35],"class_list":["post-31167","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recerca","tag-crg-ca","tag-epigenetica","tag-genomica","tag-ibe-csic-upf","tag-microorganismes","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31167"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31318,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31167\/revisions\/31318"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31167"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31167"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31167"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=31167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}