{"id":30947,"date":"2022-06-22T17:07:58","date_gmt":"2022-06-22T15:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=30947"},"modified":"2022-06-22T17:08:02","modified_gmt":"2022-06-22T15:08:02","slug":"apagar-i-encendre-el-cromosoma-x","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/apagar-i-encendre-el-cromosoma-x\/","title":{"rendered":"Apagar i encendre el cromosoma X"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquesta imatge obtinguda per la <strong>Jacqueline Severino<\/strong>, t\u00e8cnica especialista en instal\u00b7lacions d\u2019enginyeria de teixits al <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crg.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\">Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica (CRG)<\/a>, mostra un <strong>ovari artificial<\/strong> on, <strong>c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals<\/strong> generades <em>in vitro <\/em>(magenta) entren en<strong> meiosi<\/strong> (groc) per convertir-se en <strong>ov\u00f2cits<\/strong> amb l\u2019ajuda de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de suport (cian). La imatge forma part de l\u2019\u00faltim <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.crg.eu\/en\/news\/turning-x-chromosome-and-again-critical-oocyte-development#2\" target=\"_blank\">estudi<\/a> publicat pel laboratori d&#8217;en <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/a-la-recerca-academica-fas-el-que-testimula-no-el-que-et-diuen\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bernhard Payer<\/a><\/strong> sobre el desenvolupament dels ov\u00f2cits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dels 23 parells de cromosomes que tenim els humans, un d\u2019aquests correspon als <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/caracteritzades-les-diferencies-sexuals-en-el-transcriptoma-huma\/\" target=\"_blank\">cromosomes sexuals<\/a><\/strong>. En el cas dels homes aquest s\u00f3n X i Y per\u00f2 les dones presenten dues c\u00f2pies del cromosoma X. Aquesta condici\u00f3 durant el desenvolupament pot portar a una <strong>sobredosi de productes g\u00e8nics<\/strong> que pot arribar a ser mortal si no hi ha una desactivaci\u00f3 d\u2019un dels cromosomes X.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image font-siz\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/chromosome-organization-1200x408.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30960\" width=\"533\" height=\"181\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/chromosome-organization-1200x408.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/chromosome-organization-400x136.jpg 400w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/chromosome-organization-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/chromosome-organization.jpg 1507w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/><figcaption>Organitzaci\u00f3 cromos\u00f2mica durant el proc\u00e9s de la meiosi, on les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals esdevenen \u00faniques reestructurant el seu material gen\u00e8tic.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Per aix\u00f2, un equip del CRG ha desenvolupat un sistema de <strong>seguiment en temps real<\/strong> del cromosoma X (<strong>XRep<\/strong>), que els ha perm\u00e8s veure com canvia de forma en les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals que, posteriorment, esdevindran c\u00e8l\u00b7lules reproductores madures (\u00f2vuls). Els<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/tractar-amb-lequilibri-de-genere\/\" target=\"_blank\"> estudis preliminars <em>in vitro <\/em>amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de ratolins femella<\/a>, han mostrat que els cromosomes X inactivats i reactivats posteriorment s\u00f3n fins a 4 vegades m\u00e9s eficients en quant a la<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/lenvelliment-podria-influir-negativament-en-els-passos-finals-del-desenvolupament-dels-ovuls\/\" target=\"_blank\"> transformaci\u00f3 a \u00f2vuls<\/a>. En canvi, les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals que no aconsegueixen activar el cromosoma X o que el reactiven massa r\u00e0pid, mostren patrons anormals d\u2019expressi\u00f3 g\u00e8nica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Els investigadors dedueixen doncs, que <strong>la seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia correcta d\u2019inactivaci\u00f3 i reactivaci\u00f3 del cromosoma X indica la diferenciaci\u00f3 normal de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals<\/strong>. I assenyalen que es necessiten m\u00e9s estudis per a confirmar si aix\u00f2 \u00e9s la causa de l\u2019anomalia cel\u00b7lular o b\u00e9 un indicador d\u2019aquesta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2_ddx4_SYCP3_DAPI-.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-30963\" width=\"488\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2_ddx4_SYCP3_DAPI-.png 682w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/2_ddx4_SYCP3_DAPI--400x161.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px\" \/><figcaption>Ov\u00f2cits en diferents estadis de maduraci\u00f3: del m\u00e9s immadur (esquerra) al m\u00e9s desenvolupat (dreta).<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El present estudi podria obrir portes a la <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/mini-organs-humans-per-estudiar-la-covid-19-i-els-seus-tractaments-de-manera-mes-realista\/\" target=\"_blank\">generaci\u00f3 d\u2019<strong>ov\u00f2cits artificials<\/strong> al laboratori<\/a>, cosa que suposaria poder estudiar les causes d\u2019<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/descubreixen-possibles-dianes-terapeutiques-per-tractar-la-infertilitat-i-el-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\">infertilitat<\/a> i provar nous f\u00e0rmacs per aquest problema. El coautor de l\u2019article, Moritz Bauer, afegeix: \u00abEls nostres resultats tamb\u00e9 ressalten la necessitat d\u2019<strong>eines espec\u00edfiques<\/strong> per a estudiar les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules femenines\u00bb ja que la majoria d\u2019estudis es realitzen amb c\u00e8l\u00b7lules masculines, generant una <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/com-incorporar-la-perspectiva-de-genere-en-la-nostra-investigacio\/\" target=\"_blank\">bretxa de g\u00e8nere<\/a><\/strong> en el coneixement cient\u00edfic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color wp-block-paragraph\">Vols veure la teva foto aqu\u00ed? Envian&#8217;s imatges relacionades amb la ci\u00e8ncia o la vida al PRBB a&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"mailto:ellipse@prbb.org\" target=\"_blank\">ellipse@prbb.org.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aquesta imatge obtinguda per la Jacqueline Severino, t\u00e8cnica especialista en instal\u00b7lacions d\u2019enginyeria de teixits al Centre de Regulaci\u00f3 Gen\u00f2mica (CRG), mostra un ovari artificial on, c\u00e8l\u00b7lules germinals generades in vitro (magenta) entren en meiosi (groc) per convertir-se en ov\u00f2cits amb l\u2019ajuda de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules de suport (cian). La imatge forma part de l\u2019\u00faltim estudi publicat pel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":30951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,4],"tags":[269,265,648,289],"new-type":[40,16],"class_list":["post-30947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recerca","category-research","tag-biologia-cellular","tag-crg-ca","tag-epigenetica","tag-genoma","new-type-foto-de-la-setmana","new-type-photo-of-the-week"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30947","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30947"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30947\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31049,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30947\/revisions\/31049"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30947"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30947"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30947"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=30947"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}