{"id":15397,"date":"2020-05-27T13:46:29","date_gmt":"2020-05-27T11:46:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/?p=15397"},"modified":"2020-05-27T15:13:06","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T13:13:06","slug":"el-genoma-dels-grans-simis-mes-util-per-entendre-els-tumors-que-el-genoma-huma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/el-genoma-dels-grans-simis-mes-util-per-entendre-els-tumors-que-el-genoma-huma\/","title":{"rendered":"El genoma dels grans simis, m\u00e9s \u00fatil per entendre els tumors que el genoma hum\u00e0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A partir de les dades del projecte <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/ivo-gut-cnag-crg-pan-cancer-ha-estat-el-projecte-de-sequenciacio-del-genoma-del-cancer-mes-gran-del-mon\/\" target=\"_blank\">PanCancer<\/a>, un equip de recerca de l&#8217;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ibe.upf-csic.es\/\" target=\"_blank\">Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (IBE: CSIC-UPF)<\/a> ha analitzat en quines regions del genoma s&#8217;acumulen m\u00e9s mutacions, comparant el genoma d&#8217;humans, ximpanz\u00e9s i goril\u00b7les, aix\u00ed com de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules humanes canceroses. Sorprenentment, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibe.upf-csic.es\/home\/-\/asset_publisher\/T2caeLMECPvW\/content\/id\/234930677\/maximized\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">han observat que la distribuci\u00f3 de mutacions en mostres humanes de c\u00e0ncer \u00e9s m\u00e9s semblant a la dels grans simis sans que a la dels humans sans<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-15018 size-large\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/behind_the_paper_figures.001-800x600.png\" alt=\"Distribui\u00f3n de las mutaciones en los genomas de humanos, chimpanc\u00e9s y muestras tumorales. Cr\u00e9dito: Txema Heredia-Genestar.\" class=\"wp-image-15018\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/behind_the_paper_figures.001-800x600.png 800w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/behind_the_paper_figures.001-299x224.png 299w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/behind_the_paper_figures.001-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/behind_the_paper_figures.001.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption>Distribuci\u00f3 de les mutacions als genomes d&#8217;humans, ximpanz\u00e9s i mostres tumorals. Cr\u00e8dit: Txema Heredia-Genestar.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La ra\u00f3?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sembla que <strong>la complexa hist\u00f2ria evolutiva dels humans<\/strong> \u2014 amb diversos \u00abcolls d&#8217;ampolla\u00bb on la poblaci\u00f3 humana ha disminu\u00eft dr\u00e0sticament \u2014 <strong>ha \u201cesborrat\u201d aquests senyals d&#8217;acumulaci\u00f3 de mutacions que haur\u00edem de tenir<\/strong>. \u00c9s a dir, en aquestes fases d&#8217;elevada mortalitat humana, al desapar\u00e8ixer part important de la poblaci\u00f3, disminueix la variabilitat general. I aix\u00f2 afecta sobretot a les regions on hi havia m\u00e9s variabilitat (per tant, m\u00e9s mutacions). Aix\u00f2 no ha succe\u00eft en ximpanz\u00e9s o goril\u00b7les, les poblacions dels quals no han patit aquests colls d&#8217;ampolla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>I qu\u00e8 implica aix\u00f2?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aquests resultats, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-020-16296-4\" target=\"_blank\">publicats <\/a>en <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/obrint-la-ciencia\/\" target=\"_blank\">acc\u00e9s obert<\/a>, explicarien per qu\u00e8 les mutacions en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals i les mutacions que es donen normalment en humans es concentren en zones diferents del genoma. No seria, com es creia fins ara, per un comportament especial de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses, sin\u00f3 per la hist\u00f2ria evolutiva humana. Aix\u00ed, segons el primer autor de l&#8217;estudi (dirigit per Arcadi Navarro), Txema Heredia, <strong>per entendre com s&#8217;acumulen les mutacions a les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules humanes <\/strong>i comprendre millor els tumors, seria <strong>m\u00e9s \u00fatil observar com s&#8217;acumulen en grans simis i no en humans.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les mutacions en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules tumorals i en c\u00e8l\u00b7lules normals en humans es concentren en zones diferents del genoma. Un nou estudi de l&#8217;IBE explica perqu\u00e8 no \u00e9s aix\u00ed en grans simis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":15145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[312,283,289,706,211],"new-type":[35],"class_list":["post-15397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recerca","tag-cancer-ca","tag-evolucio","tag-genoma","tag-genomica","tag-ibe-csic-upf","new-type-noticies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15397","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15397"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15397\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15435,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15397\/revisions\/15435"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15397"},{"taxonomy":"new-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ellipse.prbb.org\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/new-type?post=15397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}